{"id":3902,"date":"2017-08-17T11:42:05","date_gmt":"2017-08-17T08:42:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.loodus.net\/?p=3902"},"modified":"2021-01-31T20:59:32","modified_gmt":"2021-01-31T18:59:32","slug":"metaboolne-sundroom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/biospa.ee\/vanaveeb2026\/metaboolne-sundroom\/","title":{"rendered":"Metaboolne s\u00fcndroom"},"content":{"rendered":"

Autor:\u00a0Anu Hedman<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Metaboolse s\u00fcndroomi ehk\u00a0ainevahetuss\u00fcndroomi\u00a0<\/b>korral esinevad inimesel teatud haigused ja h\u00e4ired korraga: nimelt \u00fclekaalulisus, k\u00f5rgverer\u00f5hkt\u00f5bi, vererasvade ainevahetuse h\u00e4ire ning k\u00f5rgenenud veresuhkur. \u00dcheskoos toimides on need ohtlikumad kui \u00fckshaaval.<\/p>\n

Isikuid, kellel v\u00f5ib metaboolset s\u00fcndroomi diagnoosida, on \u00fcsna palju. Metaboolset s\u00fcndroomi on nimetatud ka \u201csurmavaks kvartetiks\u201d, sest selle s\u00fcndroomiga inimestel on suremus s\u00fcdamelihase infarkti \u00fcle kolme korra suurem kui s\u00fcndroomita inimestel. Samuti on neil viis korda suurem oht haigestuda suhkurt\u00f5ppe.<\/p>\n

Metaboolse s\u00fcndroomi kindlakstegemisel arvestatakse mitmeid komponente. Esiteks, suurenenud\u00a0v\u00f6\u00f6\u00fcmberm\u00f5\u00f5t<\/b>\u00a0v\u00f5ib olla ohum\u00e4rk ka normaalkaalulisel inimesel. Ainevahetush\u00e4irete oht on suurenenud meestel, kelle v\u00f6\u00f6\u00fcmberm\u00f5\u00f5t on \u00fcle 102 cm, ja naistel, kelle v\u00f6\u00f6\u00fcmberm\u00f5\u00f5t on \u00fcle 88 cm.\u00a0Kehakaalu t\u00f5us<\/b>\u00a0suurendab igal juhul metaboolse s\u00fcndroomi tekke ohtu.\u00a0Kehamassiindeks<\/b>\u00a0arvutatakse inimese kaalu ja pikkuse ruudu suhte p\u00f5hjal:<\/p>\n

kehakaal (kg)\/ kehapikkus (m) \u00d7 kehapikkus (m)\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kehamassiindeksi normaalne vahemik on 20\u201325, indeks \u00fcle 25 on juba \u00fclekaalu n\u00e4itaja. Sellele, miks m\u00f5\u00f5detakse just v\u00f6\u00f6\u00fcmberm\u00f5\u00f5tu, on oma kindel seletus. Nimelt on kohal, kuhu rasv ladestub, suurem t\u00e4hendus tervisele kui keha rasvasisaldusel \u00fcldiselt.<\/p>\n

Eristatakse peamiselt kaht rasvumuse t\u00fc\u00fcpi: 1)\u00a0\u00f5unat\u00fc\u00fcpi rasvumus<\/b>\u00a0ehk rasva ladestumine eesk\u00e4tt k\u00f5hupiirkonda; 2)\u00a0pirnit\u00fc\u00fcpi<\/b>\u00a0rasvumus<\/b>\u00a0ehk rasva ladestumine eesk\u00e4tt puusadele ja reitele. \u00d5unat\u00fc\u00fcpi rasvumust peetakse v\u00e4ga suureks s\u00fcdamehaiguste ohuteguriks, pirnit\u00fc\u00fcpi aga m\u00f5\u00f5dukaks. Rasvkude, eriti k\u00f5hu piirkonnas, pole mitte lihtsalt rasvarakkude kogum, vaid v\u00e4ga aktiivne kude. See toodab aineid, mis kaugemas perspektiivis h\u00e4irivad organismi rasvade ja suhkru ainevahetust.<\/p>\n

Rasvt\u00f5vel<\/b>\u00a0on metaboolse s\u00fcndroomi kujunemisel keskne koht. Mitmed teadlased on esitanud teooria, mille kohaselt inimkonna viimase tuhande aasta jooksul suhteliselt muutumatuna p\u00fcsinud geenikaart on t\u00e4nap\u00e4evase elustiili juures kujunenud tervisele ohtlikuks. Seda genot\u00fc\u00fcpi iseloomustab tegutsemine elluj\u00e4\u00e4mise nimel: pidev v\u00f5itlusvalmidus, toiduahnus ning toiduk\u00fclluse perioodil varude soetamine rasvkoe n\u00e4ol, et n\u00e4ljaaega \u00fcle elada. T\u00e4nap\u00e4eva elulaadi juures ei ole aga selline toimimine enam otstarbekas, sest n\u00e4lga pole karta.<\/p>\n

Vereanal\u00fc\u00fcsis ilmnevad muutused vererasvade tasakaalus on \u00fcks esimesi metaboolse s\u00fcndroomi m\u00e4rke. T\u00e4htsaim on vere\u00a0kolesteroolisisaldus<\/b>. K\u00f5ige ohtlikumaks tuleb pidada seda kolesterooli, mis vereanal\u00fc\u00fcsis kajastub kui LDL-kolesterool ehk nn paha kolesterool. \u00dclem\u00e4\u00e4rane kolesterool on \u00fcks ateroskleroosi peamisi p\u00f5hjusi, mis aegam\u00f6\u00f6da viib s\u00fcdame- ja\/v\u00f5i ajuarterite lubjastumiseni. Tagaj\u00e4rjeks on s\u00fcdame- v\u00f5i ajuinfarkt ehk insult.<\/p>\n

Kolesteroolisisalduse v\u00e4hendamiseks on oluline piirata loomsete rasvade (NB! ka piimarasvade) osakaalu toidus. Vere kolesteroolisisalduse v\u00e4hendamiseks on olemas head ravimid \u2013 statiinid. Statiinravi on v\u00e4ga vajalik s\u00fcdame isheemiat\u00f5vega inimestele. Praegu Eestis kehtivate juhiste kohaselt peaks ravima haigeid, kellel on \u00fcldkolesterool \u00fcle 7,8 mmol\/l v\u00f5i on esinenud s\u00fcdamelihase infarkt. Nendel tuleb vere kolesteroolisisaldust langetada v\u00e4hemalt kuni tasemeni 5 mmol\/l ning LDL-kolesterooli sisaldust kuni tasemeni 2,5 mmol\/l. Uuringutest on selgunud, et LDL-kolesterooli alandamine 1,5 mmol\/l v\u00f5rra v\u00e4hendab s\u00fcdamehaiguste riski umbes kolmandiku v\u00f5rra, olenemata vanusest, soost, kaasuvatest haigustest v\u00f5i sellest, milline oli LDL-kolesterooli sisaldus enne ravi. HDL-kolestrooli ehk nn head kolesterooli v\u00f5ib v\u00f5rrelda \u201cpr\u00fcgiveoautoga\u201d, mis viib \u201cpaha\u201d kolesterooli maksa tagasi. \u201cHead\u201d kolesterooli on naistel rohkem vaja kui meestel. HDL-kolesterooli sisaldust veres suurendab eelk\u00f5ige kaalulangus ja kehalise koormuse t\u00f5us. Suitsetajatel ja rasvunud isikutel on tavaliselt v\u00e4he HDL-kolesterooli.<\/p>\n

Vere \u00fcldkolesterooli n\u00e4itajat v\u00f5ib t\u00f5sta ka k\u00f5rge\u00a0vabade rasvade<\/b>\u00a0ehk\u00a0trigl\u00fctseriidide<\/b>\u00a0sisaldus veres. Trigl\u00fctseriidide hulk langeb enim, kui loobutakse rasvarikastest toitudest, tarvitatakse v\u00e4hem alkoholi (eriti \u00f5lut ja kanget alkoholi) ning kui v\u00e4heneb v\u00f6\u00f6\u00fcmberm\u00f5\u00f5t.<\/p>\n

Metaboolse s\u00fcndroomi \u00fcks olulisi komponente on k\u00f5rgenenud verer\u00f5hk. Uute Euroopa ravijuhiste kohaselt peetakse\u00a0h\u00fcpertensiooni<\/b>\u00a0ehk\u00a0k\u00f5rgverer\u00f5hkt\u00f5ve<\/b>\u00a0diagnoosi aluseks arsti vastuv\u00f5tul korduvalt m\u00f5\u00f5detud verer\u00f5huv\u00e4\u00e4rtusi \u2265 140\/90 mmHg, kodus m\u00f5\u00f5detult \u2265 135\/85 mmHg ning \u00f6\u00f6p\u00e4evaringsel ambulatoorsel m\u00f5\u00f5tmisel keskmiselt \u2265 125\/80 mmHg. Raviga tuleb saavutada verer\u00f5hk alla 140\/90 mmHg, suhkruhaigeil alla 130\/80 mmHg.<\/p>\n

Mitmete teadlaste andmed osutavad, et\u00a0suhkurt\u00f5ve<\/b>\u00a0diagnoosimise ajaks on k\u00f5hun\u00e4\u00e4rme t\u00f6\u00f6 ja organismi suhkru omastamine olnud h\u00e4iritud tegelikult juba 20 aastat. Kui isegi t\u00fchja k\u00f5hu korral ilmnevad veresuhkru v\u00e4\u00e4rtused annavad alust diabeeti diagnoosida, on k\u00f5hun\u00e4\u00e4rme insuliini tootvate rakkude h\u00e4ire kestnud ligikaudu 10 aastat ning 50% rakkudest h\u00e4vinud. Ennetust\u00f6\u00f6ga tuleks alustada maast madalast, sest kahjuks on 50%-l esmaselt diagnoositud suhkruhaigetel s\u00fcdame p\u00e4rgarterite haigus ning ka mitmete muude elundite veresoonte kahjustused juba olemas.<\/p>\n

Ravida tuleks metaboolset s\u00fcndroomi siis, kui s\u00fcdamehaiguste risk on k\u00f5rge, st mitmed riskitegurid esinevad korraga ning ka haige l\u00e4hisugulastel on teada veresoonkonna haigusi. Ravimeid ei tohi karta, need on m\u00f5eldud s\u00fcdame, aju, veresoonte ja neerude kaitseks. T\u00e4nap\u00e4eval on ravimiturul vaid need retseptiravimid, mis on l\u00e4binud range turvakontrolli ja on tervisele ohutud.<\/p>\n

Palju odavam kui ravimine, kuid kindlasti palju raskem on\u00a0muuta eluviisi<\/b>. Selle p\u00f5hieesm\u00e4rk peab olema langetada kehakaalu, tarbida v\u00e4hem k\u00fcllastunud rasvhappeid (neid leidub rohkesti v\u00f5is ja loomses rasvas) ning suurendada kehalist aktiivsust. Organismi rasvade ja suhkru ainevahetus hakkab paranema juba 5%-lise kaalulanguse puhul. N\u00e4iteks v\u00f6\u00f6\u00fcmberm\u00f5\u00f5du v\u00e4henemine 1 cm v\u00f5rra t\u00e4hendab tavaliselt 1 kg rasvkoe kadumist.<\/p>\n

F\u00fc\u00fcsiline aktiivsus aitab lihaskoel ka ilma insuliinita suhkrut paremini omastada. Uuringud on t\u00f5estanud, et kehaliselt aktiivsed inimesed on tervemad ja \u00f5nnelikumad isegi siis, kui neil on veidi \u00fclekaalu. K\u00f5ige ilmekamalt n\u00e4itab seda soomlaste korraldatud uuringu tulemus: aastaga t\u00f5i elustiili otsustav muutus kaasa kaalulanguse 4,2 kg (NB! vaid 5% kehakaalust), s\u00fcstoolne verer\u00f5hk langes 5 mmHg ning vererasvade tasakaal paranes. Diabeedi tekkimise risk aga langes seejuures 58%. Soomes on suremus s\u00fcdamehaigustesse alla 65-aastastel 2,5 korda madalam kui Eestis. Eesti t\u00f6\u00f6ealiste inimeste suremus s\u00fcdamehaiguste tagaj\u00e4rjel on hetkel Euroopa k\u00f5rgeim, Vahemeremaades on aga suremus poole ning Hiinas isegi neli korda v\u00e4iksem kui Euroopas. T\u00f5en\u00e4oliselt peituvad p\u00f5hjused toitumisharjumustes ja eluviisis.<\/p>\n

Soovitatav on iga n\u00e4dal kulutada sportlikule tegevusele energiat 1500\u20132000 kcal, mis v\u00f5imaldab hoida kehakaalu normi piires. Kaalu langetamiseks v\u00f5ib vajalikuks osutuda kulutada 2500\u20132800 kcal. Energiakulu alla 1000 kcal n\u00e4dalas t\u00e4hendab passiivset eluviisi. Kui kulutada regulaarselt lisaks igap\u00e4evategevusele energiat 2000 kcal n\u00e4dalas, v\u00e4heneb tunduvalt II t\u00fc\u00fcbi diabeedi ja s\u00fcdame isheemiat\u00f5ve oht.<\/p>\n

Tabelis 2 on toodud m\u00f5ned n\u00e4ited sportliku tegevusega kaasnevast energiakulust, tabelis 3 on aga n\u00e4idatud, kui palju peab 70 kg kaaluv inimene tegutsema, et kulutada toidu ja joogiga saadavat energiahulka.<\/p>\n

Metaboolset s\u00fcndroomi on v\u00e4ga lihtne diagnoosida. Tuleb teada oma v\u00f6\u00f6\u00fcmberm\u00f5\u00f5tu, trigl\u00fctseriidide ja nn hea kolesterooli sisaldust veres, verer\u00f5hku ja suhkrusisaldust vereplasmas (vt tabel 4).<\/p>\n

Allikas: Kliinik.ee<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Autor:\u00a0Anu Hedman Metaboolse s\u00fcndroomi ehk\u00a0ainevahetuss\u00fcndroomi\u00a0korral esinevad inimesel teatud haigused ja h\u00e4ired korraga: nimelt \u00fclekaalulisus, k\u00f5rgverer\u00f5hkt\u00f5bi, vererasvade ainevahetuse h\u00e4ire ning k\u00f5rgenenud veresuhkur. \u00dcheskoos toimides on need ohtlikumad kui \u00fckshaaval. Isikuid, kellel […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7326,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,89],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3902","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kehakaal","category-keha-ja-tervis"],"yoast_head":"\nMetaboolne s\u00fcndroom - Loodus BioSpa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/biospa.ee\/vanaveeb2026\/metaboolne-sundroom\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"et_EE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Metaboolne s\u00fcndroom - Loodus BioSpa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Autor:\u00a0Anu Hedman Metaboolse s\u00fcndroomi ehk\u00a0ainevahetuss\u00fcndroomi\u00a0korral esinevad inimesel teatud haigused ja h\u00e4ired korraga: nimelt \u00fclekaalulisus, k\u00f5rgverer\u00f5hkt\u00f5bi, vererasvade ainevahetuse h\u00e4ire ning k\u00f5rgenenud veresuhkur. \u00dcheskoos toimides on need ohtlikumad kui \u00fckshaaval. 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